Gravitational Redshift & Time Dilation
In the ether picture, time dilation is not mysterious — a clock resisting the inflow must “swim upstream”, consuming part of its energy budget on staying in place. The proper time factor dτ/dT = √(1 − rs/r) (Eq 3.27) follows directly from the PG metric. At the horizon, the inflow reaches c and time stops.
Computed Values
- dτ/dT (Eq 3.27)
- 1 − 1.67e-10
- Gravitational redshift z
- 1.669e-10
- Time runs slower by
- 0.02 ppm
- r / rs
- 2995668735.36
Gravitational Time Dilation at Notable Locations
| Location | dτ/dT | Redshift z | Time runs slower by | Clock drift vs Earth |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPS satellite Altitude 20,184 km | 1 − 1.67e-10 | 1.67e-10 | 0.02 ppm | +45.7 μs/day |
| ISS Altitude 408 km | 1 − 6.54e-10 | 6.54e-10 | 0.07 ppm | +3.6 μs/day |
| Earth surface Sea level | 1 − 6.96e-10 | 6.96e-10 | 0.07 ppm | — |
| Pound-Rebka tower 22.6 m above surface | 1 − 6.96e-10 | 6.96e-10 | 0.07 ppm | +0.0 μs/day |
| Sun surface Solar photosphere | 1 − 2.12e-6 | 2.12e-6 | 212.31 ppm | — |
| White dwarf Sirius B type | 0.999896 | 1.04e-4 | 0.01% | — |
| Neutron star 10 km radius | 0.765782 | 0.3059 | 23.42% | — |
Time Dilation Profile (selected mass)
Why GPS Needs Relativity
GPS satellites orbit at 26,560 km from Earth’s centre. The gravitational time dilation makes their clocks run +45.8 μs/day faster than ground clocks (weaker gravity = less inflow = faster clock). The special-relativistic velocity effect subtracts ~7.2 μs/day, giving a net +38.6 μs/day.
Without this correction, GPS positions would drift by ~11 km/day. In the ether picture, the satellite clock runs faster because it sits in a region of slower ether inflow — it spends less energy resisting the current.
Verification
Beta Tools are under active development. Equations are verified against the monograph but outputs may be refined. Report an issue