Condensate Phase Diagram
The ether is a superfluid BEC at galaxy scales (low velocity dispersion) and a normal fluid at cluster scales (high dispersion). This phase transition resolves the galaxy–cluster problem: MOND works in galaxies because the phonon force is active; it fails in clusters because the condensate has evaporated.
Astrophysical Systems at me = 1.00 eV
| System | σ (km/s) | Teff/Tc | Superfluid % | Regime |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dwarf galaxy | 50 | 0.186 | 92.0% | Superfluid |
| Milky Way (solar) | 200 | 2.977 | 0.0% | Normal (CDM-like) |
| Massive spiral | 300 | 6.699 | 0.0% | Normal (CDM-like) |
| Galaxy group | 500 | 18.609 | 0.0% | Normal (CDM-like) |
| Galaxy cluster (Coma) | 1000 | 74.437 | 0.0% | Normal (CDM-like) |
| Bullet Cluster | 1400 | 145.896 | 0.0% | Normal (CDM-like) |
Why MOND Works in Galaxies but Fails in Clusters
Galaxies (σ < 300 km/s): The ether is superfluid. Phonon-mediated forces enhance gravity, producing MOND phenomenology (flat rotation curves, the Radial Acceleration Relation, the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation).
Clusters (σ > 800 km/s): The ether is in the normal phase. No phonon enhancement — the ether gravitates like standard CDM. This explains why clusters have M/Mb ≈ 6.2 (the cosmic baryon fraction), exactly as ΛCDM predicts.
Galaxy groups (σ ∼ 400–600 km/s): Transitional regime. Partial superfluid fraction. This is where the framework makes its most distinctive prediction: a systematic transition from MOND-like to CDM-like behaviour as a function of velocity dispersion.
Verification
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